Month: March 2024

Historically cultivated in the Saône-et-Loire, between Dijon and Lyon, and ranging from Burgundy to Champagne, the earliest reliable reference to “Chardonnet” is from the late 1600s. The grape takes its name from the village of Chardonnay in Southern Burgundy. Until the end of the 19^th century, Chardonnay was confused with Pinot Blanc. Surprisingly, DNA testing has shown that Chardonnay is a natural cross between Pinot Noir and Gouais Blanc. While Chardonnay is early budding and relatively easy to grow, it is susceptible to frost and thanks to its thin skin, mildew.

Chardonnay is a particularly transparent grape that can produce very different wines depending on where it is grown. It can be dramatically shaped in the winemaking process by factors like malolactic fermentation and the amount of new oak used during aging. Today, Chardonnay is the great white grape of Burgundy. In fact, it has been the success of the finest white Burgundies from places like Puligny-Montrachet, Meursault, and the Côte-d’Or that has driven the rise of Chardonnay around the world. In France, Chardonnay is also the key grape of Chablis, where it makes mouthwateringly crisp and mineral-driven wines, and in Champagne where it combines with Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier to make the world’s most revered sparkling wines.

From the Old World to the New World

In the 19^th and 20^th centuries, Chardonnay spread its wings and found new homes in North America, South America, and Australia, where its popularity exploded, making it the official go-to white wine for the vast majority of wine drinkers. It is also planted in Italy, Spain, Austria, New Zealand, South Africa, and throughout Eastern Europe and China. Today, Chardonnay is the world’s most widely planted white wine grape.

Chardonnay Comes to America

Historical records show that Chardonnay had arrived in California by the 1800s, when the head of the California Viticulture Commission, Charles Wetmore, imported budwood from Meursault and planted it in his Livermore vineyard. By early the next century, this selection, as well as clonal material brought over by the Wente family, helped to establish a beachhead for Chardonnay in the New World and led to what is now known as the Wente Selection of Chardonnay. Following a similar timeline, clonal material brought to California by Paul Masson became the source for the Martin Ray selection. In the early 1940s, this selection was planted at Mount Eden in the Santa Cruz Mountains. During this formative period for the grape, the Wente and Martin Ray selections were the key source of Chardonnay budwood in California.

In the 1950s, the US Ambassador to Italy, James Zellerbach, founded Hanzell Vineyards, which focused on producing Burgundian-style Chardonnay. In the years that followed, other wineries in California began growing and making Chardonnay, and in 1976, Chateau Montelena’s victory at the famed Judgment of Paris marked a key turning point for the grape in the US. In the years that followed, demand for Chardonnay grew rapidly, as did planting throughout California, and by the 1980s there was more Chardonnay planted in California than in France. In fact, by 2005, Chardonnay planting in California represented 25% of global production. While early California Chardonnays took inspiration from Burgundy, they soon evolved into more opulent and buttery expressions of the grape, with grapes picked riper and at higher Brix, and the use of more new oak. While this style took hold in much of California, especially in the warm climate of Napa Valley, in cooler regions like Sonoma County, Chardonnay pioneers like Steve MacRostie began championing a brighter, more balanced, and sophisticated expression of the grape. Today, there are more than 100 clonal selections of Chardonnay in California.

Stay tuned for The History of MacRostie’s Chardonnay Program.

At MacRostie, we are a true Women-Led Winery, with Winemaker Heidi Bridenhagen and Assistant Winemaker Carolina Guerra guiding every aspect of production. This deep bench of female leadership goes even further, with Grower Relations Manager and Viticulturist Taylor Abudi overseeing both our Vineyard Partner program and our two estate vineyards, Thale’s in the Russian River Valley, and Nightwing in the Petaluma Gap.

Though born in California, Taylor was raised near Portland, Oregon, where she would take regular trips with her family to wine country in the Willamette Valley. With an interest in science and a deep love of the outdoors, Taylor went on to earn a degree in Viticulture and Enology from UC Davis. During university, Taylor gained invaluable hands-on experience at Rajat Parr’s Evening Land Winery, where she was mentored by acclaimed Winemaker Isabelle Meunier. After working at Vavasour Wines and St. Supery in California, Taylor traveled to New Zealand and Australia to work southern hemisphere harvests, and then to Bordeaux, where she lived and worked at Chateau Le Grand Verdus. “Up until Bordeaux, I was following a winemaker’s path. But at Chateau Le Grand Verdus there was so much emphasis on the vineyards and the soil that it changed my perspective. I realized my passion was growing grapes and that viticulture was every bit as important to the final wines as the winemaking.”

Returning to California, Taylor embraced her new career path, spending four years in grower relations at the Boissett Collection, where she worked with upwards of 100 vineyards, and later at the Hess Collection, where she was the grower relations manager overseeing nearly 50 properties. Shortly after the birth of her first daughter, Taylor joined MacRostie in 2022. “I live in Sonoma County with my family, and it’s where my heart is. It’s also the perfect place to grow my two favorite grapes—Pinot Noir and Chardonnay—so when I had the opportunity to join MacRostie, I was thrilled.”

At MacRostie, Taylor manages every aspect of the farming at our two estate vineyards, while also overseeing relationships with close to 50 Vineyard Partners for both MacRostie and Clockwise. “From the beginning of the year when we do our grape sourcing plan to the final picking decisions at each site, Heidi and I work closely and collaboratively.” While her experience as a woman in the wine industry has been very positive, Taylor takes pride in being part of a Women-Led Winery. “I take pride in the responsibility and in the culture. We all get along so well. It’s a supportive, loving, and fun environment and I think that positivity comes through in our wines.” The importance of working in a supportive environment was driven home when Taylor’s second daughter was born during harvest. “I was really grateful to our amazing team. Everyone stepped up. Everyone helped and supported me. It was wonderful.”